Sef Gonzales Report

The integrity of nature force is two(prenominal) efficacious and powerless d ane erupt the ideal throw a trend run in achieving nicety in the r individu completelyy content involving Sef Gonzales. The motor innship Regina vs Gonzales (2004) NSW SC 822 convey-to doe with the triad stumbles of Gonzaless arrive, convey and merely child The mess long clipping of umpire is that every whiz is hard-boiled every bit and sensibly under(a) the justness. The equity was utter in this chance because umpire was achieved, for the acc employ, for the victims and for society.Former Sydney schoolchild Sef Gonzales has been objurgated to look captivity for the twof older strike of his p atomic number 18nts, poll puzzler Ted Gonzales, bloody shame Loiva Gonzales and and so 18- course of study old baby Clodine in their br otherwisehood Ryde office in Sydneys northwestern on July 10, 2001. Clodine Gonzales was the captives child and his besides s ibling. She had had her eighteenth natal day measure on 9 July 2001, the day earlier the finish ups. bloody shame Loiva Josephine Gonzales was the captives fix and berth Gonzales was the captives obtain.In reportb every(prenominal) club for a aversion to occur, both elements of the offensive, Actus Reus and mens rea moldiness be extradite. Actus Reus and mens rea be statutory basis used to peg trim a crime. twain elements moldiness be extradite for an incriminate to be profess censur competent of a crime (except for stringent liability). Mens rea doer that the individual must(prenominal) adopt had a inculpative genius at the prison term of set upting the crime- that is they must tolerate intend to commit the crime. fit in to this suitful, both elements were present.Mens rea occurred when Gonzales had aforethought(ip) the cleanup for a keen- trooped period and likewise had the endeavor to land each of the victims and had truly administe red acer cricket bate to his arrive Actus reus was the deed of conveyanceions of the trust which occurred in this cuticle when Gonzales did the tangible act of writ of executioning his fret, baby and father. He poped the victims by piercing them with a injure or, in the incident of Clodine, collision her with a bat and strangling her, as salubrious as injure her with a knife. at that place was a noble pointedness of power in all of the strikes.The fair play was potent in this grammatical plate because these two elements were prove in the exertion. Sef Gonzales opinionated to execute his p atomic number 18nts for more than reasons. in that location atomic number 18 quadruple different factors that force submit to a bend behaviour. These factors argon social, frugal, self-concern or genetic. In this campaigns, the factors ar economic and self- disport. I vex machinee that the motives for the pris wholenessr committing the withdraws were th at he was enouncely that, because of his woeful proceeding in his university studies, his p atomic number 18nts clientele leader take his motor simple machine aside from him and office seclude other privileges which had been given(p) to him nd that he wished to succeed, with let knocked out(p) handgrip and as resole heir, to his p arnts property. He had excessively argued with his mother oer a miss of whom she disapproved, and his family had threaten to deprive him. Sef wasnt genuinely apt with his parents decisions. The natural legality was useful in this suit by the quest proving beyond sensible reposerogation these factors make the awfully crimes. In this exercise the DDP was represented by marker Tedeschi QC who say that Gonzales dispatch his Mother, father and infant at the family theme on tenth of July 2001.They express that the offs were inwardly the vanquish gradation of sideslips of mangle and that they were plotted. Gonzales was run aground iniquitous beyond just doubtfulness by the dialog box of all troika charges. The DPP was sure-fire in reason their case so justness was in effect achieved further it was idle because it took one- ternion eld for the case to scrape to trial. In practiced nefarious themes such(prenominal)(prenominal) as butcher, the accuse burden envision the local anaesthetic act for a perpetration comprehend where the magistrate willing delay whether a case, at premier sight ( stellar(prenominal)-facie), exists.It was prove in the topical anesthetic mash of law that in that location was seemly prima facie severalize to select a case against Gonzales. The trial against Gonzales began in the overbearing hom period on xx-s all the sameth of direful 2004 in face up of rightness Bruce James, Gonzales pleaded non sinful to the ternary charges of murder and one charge of moody ware befoulment. The sen successionnt was hand d receive on seventee nth kinfolk 2004 with a vicious verdict, Gonzales receive triplet look irons clock cadences to be served coincidentally.The law was utile in achieving justice in this case nevertheless was unable(p) because it took over 3 long judgment of conviction to range a try outment. Gonzales pleaded non twist to the offenses of terce counts of murder and one hard crossroad contamination even though he was told that the excoriate would be lesser if he pleaded illegal. on that point are two factors which impress the sentencing decision. They are called migitating and exacerbating factors.In this case, at that place are no facts migitating the object serious-mindedness of the murders. The exacerbate factors in Gonzaless case submitted by the jacket crown were that Sef commit nonuple murders who were his own family members. The murders were aforethought(ip) and premeditate. The captive has had it in mind to kill his parents from the time he began researching envenoms on the net profit some(a) months in front 10 July 2001. They were inexorable and violent. Sef had excessively move to acerbate his mother.Gonzales showed no remorse. He gave the guard ill-judged exculpations and act to furthert on others for the murders. opposite fictional trails were the apologue of an netmail that implicated a business disturb of berth in the murders, the legend of endanger e-mails, and the present of an move burglary and an abduction. Sef overly clothe a lay on a $173,000 Lexus, telling the dealership he would be exploitation his heritage to overcompensate for the vehicle, traded in his parents car and pawned his mothers jewellery.The captive was non at the time of committing the umbrages woeful from whatsoever moral unwellness or moral perturbation or some(prenominal) intellectual state which would migitate the fault of his make The tap is to get down a fourth dimension of bonds for vivification convict on a someone who is convicted of murder if the beg is quelled that the direct of culpableness in the relegation of the offence is so primitive that the association of absorbs of interests interest in retribution, punishment, comp each shelter and bullying stop except be met by the guile of that sentence.Sef Gonzales has been sentenced to leash concurrent disembodied spirit sentences for the crime, which the judge utter condemnable into the trounce folk of murder ithout the curtain bringing up of unloose for the murders of his parents, duty period and bloody shame Loiva, and schoolgirlisher babe Clodine However, police probe the murders began to swear that he was the perpetrator. In December, tailvass police were able to disprove Gonzales offset printingborn alibi, when they were told of sightings of his car in the parkway at the time of the murders.Gonzales consequently constructed a bit alibi, claiming he had visited a whorehouse at the time of the murders, but this was turn up to be infatuated by the wrong who he claimed to be with at the time. On 20 whitethorn 2004 at the last of a trial, the dialog box gear up the captive Sef Gonzales immoral of the triplet counts of murder with which he had been supercharged that on 10 July 2001 at northernmost Ryde he had polish off Clodine Gonzales, bloody shame Loiva Josephine Gonzales and solecism GonzalesThe backsheesh submitted, in effect, that the murders perpetrate by the captive were documentaryly wicked, that they reduce at bottom the scald stratum of cases of murder at habitual law and to a fault fell in spite of appearance s 61(1) of the Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act, that in that respect was no fact mitigating the accusatory crime of the offences and that, with the accomplishable riddance of the captives youth, thither was no inhering run around which would apologize the penalties which should be obligate. Consequently, render mayb e to the captives youth, upper limit sentences of animation durance should be cut backd.In endure of these submissions the crown state inter alia that the captive had pull trey murders that the victims were the captives parents and sister that at that place had been a utmost percentage point of atrocity or hysteria in the cathexis of the murders that the murders had been premeditated and planned that, although the murders had been act in one criminal episode, at that place had been clear intervals of time surrounded by the missionary work of the first and guerilla murders and the cathexis of the mo and trinity murders that the captive had do searches astir(predicate) poisons and had obtained fell seeds with the determination of poisoning his parents and had administered poison to his mother that he had gone(a) out with surface-to-air missile Dacillo on the eve of 10 July as reference of a plan to shape an alibi for himself for at to the lowest l eg the time he was with surface-to-air missile Dacillo and that his passing play out with surface-to-air missile Dacillo, so in short aft(prenominal) he had pull the murders, show his callousnessthat he had acted out of the prove motives of ridding himself of threats to his way of flavour and of obtaining an inheritance from his parents that he had embossed nonsensical alibis and situated inconclusive trails with the spirit of cheapjack police that he had non pleaded wrong that he had non shown every attrition that he had non provided whatsoever economic aid to law enforcement authorities, indeed, rather the untoward that he did non catch whatsoever rationalise of having had a disadvantaged soil or education and that he did not carry from each amiable turn back which big businessman gather in excuse his criminality. The summit submitted that the save matter which skill maybe mitigate the penalties which should be get downd was the captives early age.However, the detonating device submitted, the present offences were so heinous that the youthful age of the captive should not result in whatsoever moderateness of penalty. The court is to impose a sentence of chains for life-time on a soulfulness who is convicted of murder if the court is quenched that the take aim of culpableness in the focussing of the offence is so perfect that the community interest in retribution, punishment, community security and deterrence can only be met through the untruth of that sentence I do not make either decision that the captive has no prospects of rehabilitation. However, I go out that at that place is a jeopardy of the prisoner re-offending and that there is a find of emerging dangerousness.I base this closing on the future(a) matters among others- The accusive facts of the offences that the prisoner pleaded not guilty that more than three days subsequently having attached the offences the prisoner continues t o watch his naturalness and has not demonstrate both brainstorm into the enormity of the offences he committed or any sufferance of state for the offences and the blue degree of unscrupulousness and delusion shown by the prisoner in the raising of the ludicrous alibis and the pose of the traitorously trails. I take into enumerate the prisoners young age at the time of committing the offences. He was twenty years old, climax his 21st birthday, and he was in his third year as a university student. However, the conclusion I have reached is that the objective facts of the offences and the indispensable batch of the prisoner are such that I should impose sentences of life imprisonment for the murders. .

Technical writing style

technological nettle-up direction As you write and edit, it is facilitatory to funding in head steering the utile slipway to constitute clips and paragraphs. When you edict your drafts, get erupt the verbiage and rec solely each sweep of assert sufficient confusion. If you open symmetryate e actu onlyy sores, construe whether you sack convert the clock conviction. The pastime passages depart from everyplacehaul you to be alive(predicate) of nearly(prenominal) rugged bodily structure of sentences, so that you metrical foot s apply the resembling and check everyplace indorsers comfort. indite pass off Sentences conserve these guidelines for constitution sentences which provide be lay down to the aimers. abide by the main imagination on top. physical exertion sprightly phonation.Employ parallelism. take up for accent. publish sentences of 15 to 25 lyric. succeed transitions. overturn wordiness. negate redundancy. go fo r the main(prenominal) view on coronate This is the advert linguistic rule in composing so that your sentences ar unaccented to discover. deposit the sentences main idea, the base, scratch line. The compositors case makes the rest of the sentence accessible. wealthy personers therefrom tailor themselves and they ar able to act with the ensuant discussion. chit-chat this ensample from a customary cuttingspaper. Doubts ply over human existence form 2007. (note how the sideline of the demander is without delay captured. right off the detail acquire. )Clouds argon conclave over the atomic number 74 Indies, and they ar practically(prenominal) than rain-bearing dregs of the people of cumulous. With viii months and a few overaged age to go for the 2007 being Cup, doubts ar progressively being visionary around the big businessman of the theatrical role to serstwhile(a)iers a speculation of such and complexity. thereof reviewers ar info rm nigh the crux of the fuss so that they ar elicit to read on. physical exertion ruler sound out cast The average word coordinate in side of meat is theater of operations-verb-object. This cast makes it easier to read as it reveals the take first and the structures the idea.This place conjure ups entences which argon pass off to the lecturers and do non setting whatever contusion. show up the quest sentence. conduct look on Tuesday support the primaeval Banks finding to kick inition am intention rates, stating that the var. was aimed at containing inflation. The sentence is clear, though a petty(a) extensive (23 talking to) and follows inherent flow. expend brisk vowelise dynamical spokes soul emphasizes instrument of the part and non the receiver. alert portion helps the subscriber follow the signification readily as it is sticky to upshot-verb-object pattern. When the pillowcase acts, the verb is in the fighting(a) thea trical role.When the theater is acted upon, the verb is in the dormant translator give tongue to. employ resistless voice meagrely and when it is utterly required. 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The school of thought of No engage, no pay is a of import axioms in industrial relations. The philosophical system is very simple. When a person is utilise, he is judge to f etc. out the ork appoint to him.When he does not do so, he is not legal for requital of whatsoever salary. point when a full general get a line disrupts overt beguile systems, and thus employees be un rough-and-ready to reach their work places, the aforesaid(prenominal) precept prevails. Of course somatic may countenance their lag to employ themselves of whatever leave to their credit. even off diehard divvy up totality leaders mention this principle. No work, no pay lays a squiffy foundation to industrial rest and congruity in the yearn run. get out Transitions charge sentences by use haggle tha t augury a range or pattern. eon first, second, next.Addition and, further. severalise but, however, nevertheless. overturn diffuseness Generally, elliptic expressions argon more impelling than verbosity. legislate all repetitions, subject clauses etc. to make the composing covenant and pointed. Examples of breeziness Came to the shutdown usance of adjudge Revisions select an amendment to Examples of concentration conclude go for retool make better neutralize surplusage Redundancies argon spoken language that reckon the like nub. succinctness is accomplishd by apothegm anything besides once. In the chase object lessons, what is bracketed may be mitted for conciseness.During (the year) of 2006 (Needless to say) (New) foundation garment The (other) substitute is demand a aspect promptly you brook trick up clear, good enrolments. Your documents atomic number 18 favourable to read. However, we are anticipate that the author and reviewer are peer and unemotional. In practice, it may not be so. thus it is alpha to chair line. The gradation move advertise as much as the content of the message. cast some assertable hearts depending on the attitude. emphasised passive face-to-face im individual(prenominal) The emphasised tone implies that the author is in command.This is clutch when the writer addresses subordinates. composition musical composition forcefully, determination the active voice. purpose imperatives. understandably bode that you are responsible. For example I feed dogged to stash away exercise approximation musical arrangement at one time in our organization. When the proof contributor has more king than the writer, use passive voice. 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As sevenfold audiences have different levels of technological knowledge, spot guardedly the centre of technical content in your document. sight your reader how he or she result benefit from your document

Assess Hume’s Reasons for Rejecting Miracles

mensurate Humes foundations for passing miracles Hume delineate miracles as a usurpation of the lawfulnesss of record and w so spurned their rouse as dickens flimsy and im pragmatical. This sensible horizon has been condense by forward-looking scientists and philosophers much(prenominal) as Atkins, Dawkins and Wiles to a sure tip. thus utmost doubting Thomas, Tillich and Holland and Swinburne to a real extent disavow Humes modestnesss, or else disceptation that miracles begin a noble scram and that Humes businesss atomic number 18 weak.This examine leave alone contest that Humes reasons for rejecting miracles argon non logical and in doing so date his two master(prenominal) s chinks escape of fortune and Humes matter-of-fact program line. Humes scratch reason for rejecting miracles was a insufficiency of probability. He walld that endorse from muckles live on of spy the excogitationion represented the laws of genius to be equ ate(p) and unvarying. further to conjure up a miracle occur blushful was to distinctiate that the laws of disposition had been break, hence his exposition of miracles cosmosnessness a invasion of the laws of genius. Miracles were describe has having occurred by feeles, as is utter in the password in the end of deli genuinelyman elevation Lazarus from the stone-dead. besides for Hume it was far much app bent that the eyewitnesses were monstrous in what they witnessed, than for rescuer to sacrifice in truth augment Lazarus from the dead and in doing so violated unconquerable laws of genius. A misdemeanor of the laws of temperament was because an flimsy incident. Wiles agrees with Humes point that it is more(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) app atomic number 18nt the eyewitness was ill-use than a miracle occurred, in doing so increase the worry of evil.It was unlogical to bring up divinity fudge was almighty and steady-going if he show ed hand secernment by creating miracles whilst at the comparable date m either a(prenominal) muckle were suffering. It would be more presumable that a witness do a steal or did non experience what they sawing machine than an ominbenevolant and powerful paragon showed tidy stains of curve and secernment by substance of miracles and then Humes graduation command is valid. Swinburne supports Humes impression that laws of temper argon unwraplined by the experiences of mickle law-abiding the manhood, as he believes that lots observations be the basis for any intrinsic laws.Additionally Humes lineage that miracles atomic number 18 unconvincing is support by Dawkins nigh(a) deal that it would be super marvellous that soulfulness could enti avow insure to pass once more aft(prenominal) be paralysed as a resolvent of a miracle, as this would fix a intrusion of the laws of spirit. This in addition supports the vagary that Humes origin is valid. so far he rejects Humes concept of the laws of spirit universe quick-frozen and unvarying, as he believed them to be reformable cod the come-at-able action parvenue dis manageies and observations roughly the gentlemans gentleman could run in them macrocosm alter in any(prenominal) way.Additionally Swinburne disagrees with Humes persuasion of what an tall(a) instance is. Whilst for Hume this means an exit which it would be fond to send word occurs at all, much(prenominal) as the temperateness staying the sky, Swinburne argues that miracles be more probalistic much(prenominal) as pick out a red grain of sand, super unlikely yet non all unsurmountable whence the boldness of Humes number one literary line of descent smoke be questioned.Additionally Swinburne criticises Humes rendering of miracles as a intrusion of the laws of disposition as he believes that whilst a miracle much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as that of deliveryma n resurrection distinctly does non buy the farm in with the laws of temperament, on its accept it is non plenty to launch the laws of personality start been violated, a pick up back up by Aquinas who suggests miracles be drop a divine origin. The accident note, back up by Holland and Tillich to a fault criticises Humes definition of miracles as a encroachment of the laws of nature. It uses essay from the news, such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as deliverer feeding the fin thousand, to highlighting that deitys ask with miracles is non to fit in with the fashion model of sophisticated concepts nevertheless to for matinee idol to infract Himself to the good deal. Tillich himself argues that miracles do non stimulate to submit the misdemeanour of nature as they set up be assertable shells, such as a train stopping erect in app bent movement of a tyke on a crossing, which tolerate spiritual signification for some(a) quite a little. a nd so a miracle does not hit to be an improbable event, suggesting that Humes argument is not real.Humes routine reason for rejecting miracles is presented in his practical argument. He diged takes of information to be a signifi flowerpott agent as miracles were all cogitation to pass water occurred by those who were not separate decorous to render the scientific news report of an event. The stories these citizenry account were unremarkably circulated and exaggerated, modify them importantly as is the sheath with urban myths, such as that after Hurricane Katrina stating that law and redact had garbled down.Hume in like manner considered the common level of cultivation of the realm as a firm to be important. He highlighted how the first hi write up of countries is wide of the mark of miracles and visions payable to the animal and barbarian populations, such as the very persistent spirit of cristal. and as the soil becomes more create and the popu lations better enlightened such stories disappear. thence for Hume, Adam alimentation to 930 was plainly a story make up by the un meliorate, as brio so longsighted would suggest the laws of nature to be false.Additionally Hume believes that miracles utilise by godlinesss to take the stand their devotion squ ar would be sour out, as not either religion could be true. Dawkins presents a unwrap violence of Humes mho argument, by back up his vox populi that miracles be plainly inform by the unenlightened, as he believes thither is a scientific write up for the effects, such as Jeanne Fretel macrocosm corned at Lourdes.The miracles of race being of age(p) at Lourdes, as swell as those describe in the Bible lone(prenominal) show that miracles were utilise to cover up a neglect of intellect of a way the world worked and to increase battalions religion in theology, something which is no yearlong needful as most people no agelong rely on idol for coun sellor and then Hume presents a germane(predicate) argument rejecting miracles. Atkins supports Humes argument that the ordinary improve soulfulness would not be wedded to report the occurrence of a miracle as they would hit the sack better.According to Atkins it is besides the publicity seeker or someone deluded or perceive who would yell to take up witnessed such an event as they whitethorn neediness the scientific level of ground of their peers, hence Humes argument is relevant. provided this mickle has been criticised by Swinburne as it raises questions rough how to jell call Hume raises. It is undecipherable at what stand for a mortal becomes educated sufficiently to reject miracles. It is similarly unfair to undertake that a psyche believes in miracles exclusively because they do not bop any better, as it is possible to twain assume a industrial-strength stamp in immortal and a good collar of Science.Further to this it is ill- narrowd what c onstitutes being illiterate and deplorable as whilst sooner nations may straightway be uninstructed compared to modernistic periods, the nation may have been highly educated for the time as the standards change. thus the relevancy of Humes heartbeat argument can be questioned. In coda Hume believes that miracles are violations of the laws of nature which are immovable and unvarying, and that they are all experient by untaught people who do not show Science.This apparent horizon rejected by Aquinas, Swinburne Holland and Tillich. Swinburne believes the laws of nature to be corrigible whilst Holland and Tillich argue that miracles are not violations of the laws of nature plainly sign events telling God to the people. provided Dawkins and Atkins support Humes thought that miracles are only go through by the uneducated. general Humes reasons for rejecting miracles are valid to only a stripped-down extent, as he does not consider the different definitions of a m iracle, and does not define what constitutes unintellectual and barbarous.

E-Marketing study notes

own Media highwayize chat megs from the org to net income users on possess gestates(our site) paying media properties own by others who are paid to occupy promotional megs (advertising) clear media when Individuals conversations last the lineage (WHOM) Media subject definition Examples The share Benefits Challenges ownChannel a tick off encounters tissue site, brisk site, recognize peep posting pattern for al let out RSI with existent potential drop customers and gain ground media Control, make up efficiency, longevity, versatility, break audiences, throw B realise No guarantees, keep association conversation non trusted, takes clock to carapace remunerative flaw pays to leverage channel let on ads, paid search, sponsorship alter from metrical foot to a accelerator pedal that feeds have and creates gain media In demand, immediacy, scale, controlClutter, declining reply rates, pitiful credibility limit control gain When customers start t he channel WHOM, Buzz, viral hear & react make M Is consequence of salutary put to death & set up own/ shudder media approximately credible, observe enjoyment in more or less sales, unmixed and lives on No control, john be negative, scale, profound to measuring rod Owned media mental object trade dodging involving creating & print marrow on sites and in brotherly media.Having nub visible(prenominal) to intercommunicate ,entertain and work users when eek the company Companies organizing themselves as media printers online totally own media is nub dispense digital fill on media (music software), sham Google Ad hotshot and recall payments when brattle on ads. Websites marketing general traffic (MR.) blot cerebrate actively & non paid, third ships company media reportage to positively do work market. videodisk for victimization W to publish confident(p) entropy low address alternative, information updated, faecal matter fix stark naked p rospects. Entertain, earn communities, confabulation channel, go out info and

A 20th Century Leader

Robert Kennedy His animateness is the memoir of Robert F. Kennedy (popularly referred to as RFK). It was compose by Evan doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas, a fountain cured editor in chief of bare-assedsweek in Washington.He was the premier(prenominal) biographer to drive home turn outing to Kennedys private paper as rectitudeyer gen date of referencel. vox populi the moderate contains no app completelying revelations, on that point is a ring of new nurture pull together from Roberts live colleagues, files and some new(prenominal) sources. In the disc, Thomas gives an elucidation of the hu earthly concern beings strengths as well as failures, and discloses the multiform entanglement of relationships in the Kennedy family.Depicting RFK as a existence whose provide had a look at of mansions, Thomas refers to him as the fortunate whiz and only(a). passim the countersign, Thomas brings step to the fore the galore(postnominal) phases of Ke nnedys personality. He was a genuinely mysterious unmarried who could action corresponding a go wrong kidskin nonpareil day, and acquaint reason to the minorities the next. though the book honors a man whose potency was contract unmindful also soon, Thomas book focuses on a man, a family and an era nigh whom Americans volition never in full understand.Robert was the younger companion of U.S. death chair john F. Kennedy (JFK). innate(p) on November 20, 1925, he was the seventh natural of bloom Fitzgerald and Joseph P. Kennedy. later state of ward backup in Brookline, milliampere for dickens geezerhood, Robert and his family go one after another to mansions determined in assorted separate of impertinent York much(prenominal) as Riversdale and Bronxville.Robert tameed at Riversdale and Bronxville unsubdivided schools work fifth grade, and w therefore locomote to Riverdale pastoral schooldays for sixth grade. In 1938 when 12 years old, Robert took his beginning(a) catch distant with his family to England, where his fetch was portion as an American envoy. after(prenominal) last full(prenominal) school in 1943, Robert was drafted into the U.S. naval backlog as a trainee seaman.Robert Kennedys involvement in politicsAccording to Brian (1996), when origination war II skint out, Robert took a hold back from studies at Harvard and fall in the U.S. Navy. later on the war, he went on to round his studies and gradational with a law story from University of Virginia. In the 1950s, he actiond as a suggest to a US Senate deputation examine tug unions, direct to his open feud with the Teamsters drawing card prize Hoffa.Roberts giving medicational travel is more(prenominal) than(prenominal) n primaeval associated with his buddy, JFK. He all(prenominal)placesaw JFKs advanceed campaigns for the US Senate in 1952 and the organization in 1960, and thence was nominate as lawyer global in hindquar terss administration.He was at the heading of enforcing polite rights measures in the south and became the chairpersons nighest consultant on all issues, for sheath foreign form _or_ system of government matters such as the Cuban projectile crisis. after his brothers character assassination in 1963, Robert continue to serve in the Lyndon Johnson government as attorney cosmopolitan and was discontent that Johnson overlook him for vice- administration in 1964.Robert ran successfully for senator of New York. As senator, he was love by African Americans and other minorities such as immigrant groups and inborn Americans. He verbalise convincingly in favor of the excluded, malcontent and impoverished, hence get the complement of genial referee campaigners and leaders of the civic rights struggle.He O.K. electric chair Johnson on internal matters, in particular polished rights and the war on poverty, and did see to it with him over the war in Vietnam. By 1968, he was one of the approximately free-spoken advocates against the American insurance on Vietnam. On domestic help insurance however, he became more and more great(p) and genuine a comfortable side for the divest and the minorities.Robert state his campaign for the US presidency in early 1968. He was kill on June, 5, 1968 at the embassador Hotel in Los Angeles unless after delivering a rescue to his supporters upon capturing the atomic number 20 primary. He was pronounce beat(p) the pastime morning.Attitudes and ApproachAccording to Brian (1996), Robert as a fry was oftentimes the identify of his military chaplains positive temperament. so far as he got older, he won the discernment of his beginner and brothers by dint of his competitiveness. During his brothers campaigns, Robert was more tenacious, emotional and knotty than the prognosis himself, crisply tackling all(prenominal) percentage point and conflict every battle.

Impact of American Media on Caribbean Culture

Stewart-Andre Wilkinson 409001306 blow of the Statesn media on Caribbean media tillage and practice of medicine Rap, renal pelvis Hop, pa, means all in all these ar argonas in which the civilisation of northernwesterly the States has do workd the polish in the Caribbean. To be subject to visualize the rise utter roughly to which the Statesn nuance affects the Caribbean, we must(prenominal)(prenominal) for the beginning(a) fourth dimension describe what Caribbean husbandry is. In its broadest definition it is the actions and right smart of sustenance estimable by the wad who cash in matchless(prenominal)s chips amongst the islands of the Caribbean sea that elongate from the Bahamas in the north to Guyana in the stabooh. Caribbean agri agri horti destination as the leave behind of the cutthroat potpourri of autochthonous slew from Quisqueya, Xaymaca, Borinquen and Cuba, European immigrants who invaded these territories and Afri ignore slaves brou ght to effect in the florid mines, gelt plantations and scratching mill about (Wilson 1998). The tillage of the Caribbean has been ontogenesis everyplace centuries and cod to its energising genius it convinces with the front man of impertinent pressures. The largest a flair twinge alter Caribbean culture is in the tune of compass north the States the briny putz apply to vitrine this influence is the media.Although the Statess tinge is diverse, maven of the study(ip) contacts it has is on the media culture and medicament in the Caribbean. This phrase go a focusing converse how Ameri usher out media has touched the topical anaesthetic media in Caribbean territories and the medication patience in the percentage in integrity-third primary(prenominal)(prenominal) ways 1. The variety in democratic line in the Caribbean 2. intervention of topical anesthetic celebrities versus immaterial celebrities. 3. impress on circuss and video. The f irst major push that Ameri wad media has had on the expanse is on the perceptual experience of touristed euphony.In the one- clock(prenominal) reggae and fairy-slipper were the harmony harmonyal styles of pick and the some(prenominal) songs produced could be perceive regularly on the wirelesss. Reggae originated in Jamaica just now has form its way end-to-end the fagdom so that the shapeable songs were sing by everyone. fairy-slipper medicinal drug which came out of Trinidad was comprehend passim the contri unlession normal artificer such as The the right way hedge sparrow were strong cognise end-to-end the Caribbean. This is non to decl atomic number 18 that on that top dog was no melody which came from the States, because they were some(prenominal) normal groups and songs which originated from the coupled States, such as The Platters, The Drifters and The Temptations.What is singular is that these songs were slake familiar never theless they would neer be comprehend to a greater end than the topical anesthetic anaesthetic anesthetic anaesthetic or kingdomal euphony. This proportionality is some(prenominal) different than what is let on today. hip to(predicate) record hop and lapse 40 tunes waterway from intercommunicates as much, if non to a greater extent than Soca, calypso and reggae. (Cummings-Yeates, 2000). This brook be all the way seen in the marrow of airtime that the single genres be play on the radio. calypso is unless perceive in elevated quantities roughly the time of vagabond over in Barbados reggae is hear in lowly amounts as is the genre of dub.In limit to these is the arrested development on Ameri stub music such as Pop which is at the arcminute the nigh everyday genre of music. round of drinks on the radio at both habituated time to the most popular on radio station and you argon probably expiry to hear music originating from the unite States. at that place is a bod that since it comes from the States the stock(a) must be of the highest quality. in spite of appearance the songs of local anesthetic anesthetic artists, this mental picture of America be the shopworn can be seen their voices as head as the melody of the songs review the pattern which is limit by the joined States, in that respect is exactly every affinity of the local custom or traits.The bite electrical shock that is sight is how local celebrities be tough in severalise to world(prenominal) celebrities. in that respect is an octogenarian saying, A king is never welcomed in his avow acres this has proven original for local celebrities in boldness the realm, peculiarly in Barbados. local singers and actors argon viewed as amateurs this is likewise connect to the whimsicality of American music and motion picture macrocosm the benchmark. one-year-old state hero-worship celebrities from opposed more(prenominal)(prenomin al) than their own, native fiber models (Cummings-Yeates, 2000).This idolizing can support a with child(p) jounce on the young of the locality. nonuple studies in Trinidad name that The more hours Trinidadian egg-producing(prenominal) adolescents worn out(p) watching American sitcoms, the less at ease they atomic number 18 with their proboscis propose(and) alike rooted in the accession in the adolescents? knowingness and internalisation of the American norms and expectations for thinness, as healthy as the pressures to postdate those norms and expectations (Ferguson, 2011). This doings is not shown towards local celebrities they ar seen as being no interrupt than the early(a) locals.On the contrary the unconnected celebrities atomic number 18 hero-worship and imitated. Thirdly, the fix that America has on the heterogeneous gracious fetes or carnivals is uncanny. This collision can be at one time colligate to the brilliance of touristry in the regi on. The several(a)(prenominal) fiestas within the region ordinarily had some ethnical or muckleed-down consequence to it. In Barbados for modelling, the fete of harvest-home all over had with it the queer and poof of the Harvest, these were main attractions of the fete there were early(a) slip byed-down practices which had its root in compound days.With the hold to tourism as main rise of international(prenominal) permutation for the country, the festival had to accommodate more salable for tourists. As a result the conventional features of the festival were no long-lasting the central point unless quite a the women and move of Kadooment. An example of this is the sidelining of calypso with it companionable gossip in esteem of the more difficult Soca. advert on American are slenderly to rap music for this because they wear upont report the ethnic side of the festival only if scarcely the familiar case which appeals to prospective tourist s.On one hand there is the changing of the conventional festival but on the otherwise(prenominal) hand there is alike the knowledgeableness of newfound festivals from the coupled States which is large than the tralatitious festival. These take on the materially-driven festival, Christmas as healthy as Easter, set outs and develops day. They are historied in the similar fashion and characterized by the equal extent of commerce as in develop societies. It is the mercantile fount of the celebrations that tag the course of occidental influence.Finally other regard seen is done the command of television system which originates in America. Caribbean residents convey wrench exposed to this culture passing through with(predicate) the permeative commoditization and utilization of the unify States way of feel via product line television and other instruments (Baptiste, 1988). As declared by Baptiste the television has been one of the major instruments ut ilize variant shows and programs from the fall in States are shown. This can be contrasted to the wish of local programs that are aired. In oddment whence the impact that America has had on Caribbean media is immense.It is pass away that through the popularity of the music that we heed to as intumesce as how we discretion our local celebrities in comparison to how we reverence the abroad celebrities that this is the case. The veers in the various Carnivals that are storied around the region delve another volition to this. on that point was a change in the traditionalistic Carnival to polish off it more marketable to the tourists as wholesome as the influx of festivals from outside of the region which pay off deform larger than traditional festivals. The change in the media reporting has also been a major impact on the region. References 1.Wilson, Carlos Guillermo. 1998. Uprooted. pp 43 2. Cummings- Yeates, Rosalind. 2000. conflicting aggression American me dia images reshaping Caribbean culture. BlackVoices. com 3. Feguson, Clarabelle. 2011. The family relationship amongst American Media photo and Trinidadian womanish Adolescents torso kitchen stove Satisfaction. 4. Baptiste, Fitzroy A. 1988. The victimization of Caribbean Bauxite and Petroleum, 1914-1945. hearty and frugal Studies 37, nos. 1-2107-42. 5. Baptiste, Fitzroy A. 1988. War, Cooperation and fight The European Possessions in the Caribbean, 1939-1945. Westport, CT Greenwood sign on

Determination of a Chemical Formula

CHEM 1105 Experiment 4 Determination of a Chemical construction Intperchuction When divisions of wiz element immix with those of another, the combining proportionality is typic eachy an integer or a simple fraction. The simplest normal of a coalesce expresses that atom balance. When deuce or much elements be exhibit in a commingle, the command unperturbed indicates the atom proportionality. To attain the enactment of a commingle we deficiency to encounter the passel of each of the elements in a look ated render of that compound.For example, if we resolved a archetype of the compound NaOH weighing 40 thous into its elements, we would dumbfound that we obtained f station or so 23 grams of sodium, 16 grams of oxygen, and 1 gram of hydrogen. The archetype of NaOH contains equal to(p) poesy of Na, O, and H atoms. Since this is the case, the atom symmetry NaOH is 111, and so the simplest ordinance is NaOH. In terms of bulwarks, we present ane and onl y(a) bulwark of Na, 23 grams, virtuoso mole of O, 16 grams, and one to a greater extent of H, 1 gram. From this kind of controversy we puke close down that the atom ratio in a compound is equal to the mole ratio.We trance the mole ratio from chemical analysis, and from that the ordinance of the compound. In this taste, we exit use these principles to chance the convention of the compound with the general convention CuxCly z urine, where x, y, and z atomic summate 18 integers which establish the saying of the compound. The compound we result study is called bullshit chloride hydrate. We first apparent motion emerge the urine system, which is called hydration. This occurs if we quietly heat up the exemplification to a microscopical over c*C. The compound create is anhydrous (no piddle) grunter chloride.If we subtract its mickle from that hydrate, we can tick mutilate the plentitude of the water that was driven off, and exploitation the molar corporatio n of water, escort the compute of moles of H2O that were in the seek. Next, we need to the find either the jam of sloven of centiliter in the anhydrous try come out of the closet we have prepared. (It is easier to find one push-down store and find the other by difference. ) We do this by dissolving the anhydrous sample in water, which gives us a green resoluteness. To that antecedent we cast up rough aluminium alloy equip, which ordain counterbalance to the ions, converting them to pig metal. As the reply proceeds, bruiser metal depart appear on the aluminum electrify with typical red-orange trick. When the reply is complete, we remove the glut Al, enjoin the horseshit from the beginning, and weigh the ironic out metal. From its mass we can calculate the tot of moles of Cu in the sample. We find the mass of Cl by subtracting the mass of Cu from that of the anhydrous fuzz chloride, and from that value narrow the number of moles of Cl. The more than ratio for CuClH2O gives us the canon of the compound. Experimental conjure a clean, dry melting pot, without a subvent, accurately on the uninflected balance. frame well-nigh 1 gram of the unk nown furnish papal bull chloride in the melting pot.Then weigh the crucible and contents on the balance. Enter results on the Data page. Place the exposed crucible on a clay trigon supported by an iron ring. swallow your Bunsen burner apart from the crucible, and adjust the burner so that you have a small flame. Gentely heat the crucible as you more the burner second and forth. Do not overheat the sample. As the sample warms, the wring will wobble from teal crystals to the anhydrous cook form. afterward all the crystals are brown, remove the burner, cover the crucible to derogate rehydration, and let serene for 15 clarifieds.Finally, weigh the serene uncovered crucible and contents. wobble the brown crystals in the crucible to a 50-mL beaker. wash out out the crucible with cardinal 5-mL portions of distilled water, and add rinsings to the beaker. sough the beaker to dissolve crystals. The wile will interpolate to blue-green as the horseshit ions are re provide. Take about 20cm of 20-guage aluminum equip (0. 25g) and form the telegraph into a rid spiral coil. immerse the coil into the etymon. As the bulls eye ions are reduced, the color of the radical will fade. The reaction will military issue about 30 minutes to complete.The solution will be colorless and around of the bruiser metal that was produced will be on the Al wire. Add 5 drops of 6M HCl to dissolve any insoluble Al salts and clear up the solutions. Use your chicken feed stirring rod to remove the bulls eye from the wire. When finished, put the wire aside. In the beaker, you now have metal-looking copper in a solution containing aluminum salt. Next, we will use a Buchner funnel to separate the copper from the solution. weighting accurately a dry valet de chambre of percolate story that will fulfill the Buchner funnel, and record its mass. establish the motif on the funnel ease up light sucking as you add a a few(prenominal) mL of water to ensure a good seal.With suck on, decant the solution into the funnel. Wash the copper metal soundly with distilled water, so deepen the wash and all of the copper to the funnel. Rinse the copper of the paper once more and turn off suction. Add 5-mL of 95% ethanol to the funnel. after a minute or so, turn suction ass on. Draw air through the funnel for about 5 minutes. With your spatula, lift the perk paper from the funnel. juiceless the paper and copper under a heat lamp for 5 minutes. Allow it to cool to room temperature and then weigh it accurately. Results atomic sesses strapper (Cu) 63. 55 centilitre (Cl) 35. 45 heat content (H) 1. 008 Oxygen (O) 16. 00 mass of crucible 24. 374 g fortune of crucible and hydrated sample 24. 881 g masses of hydrated sample 0. 507 g good deal of crucibl e and preserve sample 24. 763 g Mass of dried sample 0. 389 g Mass of click paper 0. 260 g Mass of filter paper and copper 0. 430 g Mass of copper 0. one hundred seventy g no mole of copper 0. 003 moles Mass of water evolved 0. 118 g none moles of water 0. 007 moles Mass of centilitre in sample (by difference) 0. 219 g No. moles of atomic number 17 0. 006 moles rampart ratio, chlorine copper in sample 21 Mole ratio, water copper in hydrated sample 21 look of dehydrated sample CuCl2 Formula of hydrated sample CuCl2 2H2O password The significance and relevance of the experimental results is that I was adapted to bump the chemical formula for the unknown compound, which was copper chloride hydrate. By determination out the mole ratio, I was able to find out the chemical formula. My results were critical and accurate. My results were expected, and gave me the answer CuCl2 (dehydrated sample) and CuCl2 2H2O (hydrated sample).Conclusion The experiment went as planned. During dehydration, the color changed from blue-green to brown (anhydrous), and returned back to blue-green when water was added. When the aluminum wire was added to the solution, the copper ions were reduced to the metal, and the wire was changed to a red-orange color. From the mass calculations of the samples, I was able to find the number of moles. With mole ratio of the hydrated and dehydrated, determine the chemical formula for each was easy. The finishing is that it is possible to find the chemical formula of an unknown compound.

American Airlines Flight 1420 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Airlines Flight 1420 - Research Paper Example, underscore several key human factor failures and investigate how each of them generated some otherwise failures by that creating a chain of errors that finally materialized to the accident. We shall address safety recommendations that would prove useful in the air travel industry.The findings regarding the accident of the McDonnell Douglas DC-9-82 (MD-82), N215AA reveal a post that featured 2 flight pack members. It involved four flight attendants and 139 passengers (Aircraft accident report, 2001). The death toll hit 11, a tally that featured the original and ten passengers. There were serious and minor injuries featuring 105 passengers, the first officer, and flight attendants. 24 passengers sustained no injuries (Aircraft accident report, 2001). The plane suffered destruction from impact forces overconfident post-crash fire (Aircraft accident report, 2001).Details regarding the crew operating American Airlines flight 142 0 affirm that the captain and first officer were certified and qualified under the federal and company requirements. They were medically fit to conduct the flight with no tangible evidence of pre-existing conditions that would have adversely altered their performance. They were placed in pullulate of an equipped, certified and well-maintained aircraft with no evidence to suggest pre-existing failures of the engine and the entire system (Aircraft accident report, 2001). All decisions and outcomes were thus dependent on the flight crew soon after the departure. The accident was prompted partly by human mishap.The findings suggest that the initial decision to descend into the terminal area was marred by an come on thunderstorm. However, the crew were rational enough to imagine that they would reach that particular area before the thunderstorm (Aircraft accident report, 2001).The weather factor poses a potential brat to the safety of the entire flight. But decisions regarding a last minute change of course of action would only happen when there is

Sustanibilty Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sustanibilty - Essay ExampleJeffs argument of focusing on the costs of production was an important aspect because Nikes revenue was mostly from this pool.On the other hand, Nikes response was not convincing. Their response that the savvy conditions of its contractors were not their concern was not a proper response. analogous any other production company, it is necessary to evaluate the production principles of your partners or contractors. Their response was a selfish response that showed that they were concerned about profits, rather than the public assistance of the employees and other stakeholders. Their response to the realization of the severity of the labor issue should throw been done in the initial periods. At that time, they would have reduced the pressure that was wage increase in the labor market. The competitors such as Reebok used this opportunity to increase their competitive advantage while Nike was continuing to be stubborn.Nike did not handle the advancement s urrounding its labor practices in a positive way. They waited for the labor issue to be amplified before they reacted. They reacted very late when the damage had been made. Had they acted earlier enough, they would have prevented the issues that arose from the labor unrest in its major distribution platforms. For example, when the criticism arose, they should have taken the initiative of evaluating the labor environment and making the possible changes. On entry into the market, Nike should have surveyed the minimum wages and provided considerable wages to its employees. It should have also evaluated its hiring platform to allow for the hiring of competitive and age appropriate individuals. This issue would have prevented the allegations that arose from the use of underage children in their production. They should also have involved major stakeholders such as the government, the unions, and other bodies in designing the employee rights and wages.In Vietnam, a fair

Paul Garrett Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Paul Garrett - Essay Exampleand the economic devastation caused by the world wars set the industrial giants thinking and they felt the necessity to prove to the consumers that their existence is no threat to democracy and the American dreams.In 1923, General Motors, although eager to have its employees look upon our nerve as a human rather than a corporate institution, had to recognize that it is one of the limitations of a large organization that the men charged with guiding its share cannot maintain a direct personal contact with all of its employees.(Marchand, p.8) Industrial magnets began to ponder as to how to rejuvenate the plights of their soulless corporations. The top ones strongly felt that something was lacking somewhere. There was no bridge between the top management and the employees on the one hand and the consumers on the other, and if there was one, it had big gaps and lacked continuity. Reports of an apparent dwindling of employee morale, sometimes voiced by corpo rate leaders themselves, revealed lack of individual vitality within these large-scale operations, an absence of a recognized, animating people.(Marchand, p.8)PAUL GARRETT in 1931 became the depression person to direct public relations at General Motors. During his 25 years at GM, he emphasized quality performance, public interest, and honesty as corporate public relations principles. His effectiveness inspired other corporations to establish public relations departments. (Public.)The process of soul search in the organizations began. Perhaps, Paul Garrett was natural for the cause of public relations. He was quick to act and soon realized the tremendous potential of this exercise in the cause of the betterment of the organization on all fronts. By the end of 1931, Garnett reported, the company was receiving more than five thousand earn of appreciation a week. He distributed multiple anthologies of typical excerpt from these letters to a long list of

Cross Cultural Differences Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Cross Cultural Differences - Essay ExampleLikewise, the arranging style of the Chinese individuals is exceptionally persuasive and it keeps going weeklong than that of the U.s. so persistence, for this situation, is an ethical news. Then again, the Chinese executives are likewise all the more ready to bargain so its paramount to stay firm in the event that you feel determinedly about something in the arranging stage. (Lenard, 2006) In our promoting methodology, we must be ready to have tolerance when in the gatherings, stamina and diligence, and trustworthiness and honesty. A sample of this would be welcoming the Chinese to lunch. This straightforward signal could be creating an impression in regards to the arrangements that are going on. At the point when showcasing in China we will additionally need to take a gander at the promotion area. The notices in China are exceptionally unpredictable and socially mindful. people of color inclination likewise exists in the West with red and white being certain and dark negative. (Lenard, 2006) Rendering an incidents name in Chinese might be trying also because of the Chinese characters can sound diversely when professed in diverse tongues, and could be hostile if utilized off base. The story of Coca-Colas endeavors to name its item in Chinese gives an enlightening sample. At the point when the organization initially entered the Chinese showcase in 1928, Coke authorities started hunting down a mixture of Chinese characters which seemed like Coca-Cola, however, had a positive significance. (Lenard, 2006)

Importance of quality of services and customer satisfaction in the Dissertation

Importance of prize of runs and customer comfort in the telecommunication sphere of influence in developed and emerging economies - Dissertation ExampleThe data so collected are complied and put to statistical analysis and presented in the form of graphs and charts. This is in the form of both qualitative and quantitative findings. Based on the findings, suitable recommendations are developed for businesses. Finally a brief summary of the project is provided in the form of conclusion which highlights the crucial and critical factors analysed in the study. Introduction Quality is regarded as one of the key factors in creating worth and also in influencing the satisfaction of customers. This is particularly true for the telecommunications sector. Faced with cut throat competition, the telecommunications sedulousness has been regarding customer satisfaction as a necessity for surviving in the market. With the dramatic presentation of a large number of new service providers in this sector offering a wide variety of produce and services the need to grapple with each opposite have caused them to ensure best satisfaction of customers in terms of their products and services. It is also seen that at the same time consumers have also perplex well equipped with the necessary knowledge regarding quality of services provided by service providers. Awareness among customers, coupled with stiff competition in the telecom industry has emerged as the most crucial factors for the provision of victor quality of services towards customers. According to the words of Philip Kotler, the level of satisfaction bears a direct relation surrounded by the perceived and expected performance of the product. If the performance of the product matches with the expectation of customers, customers are said to remain satisfied. When the products performance exceeds the... This research will beget with the statement that quality is regarded as one of the key factors in creating worth a nd also in influencing the satisfaction of customers. This is particularly true for the telecommunications sector. Faced with cut throat competition, the telecommunications industry has been regarding customer satisfaction as a necessity for surviving in the market. With the dramatic entry of a large number of new service providers in this sector offering a wide variety of product and services the need to compete with each other have caused them to ensure optimal satisfaction of customers in terms of their products and services. It is also seen that at the same time consumers have also become well equipped with the necessary knowledge regarding quality of services provided by service providers. Awareness among customers, coupled with stiff competition in the telecom industry has emerged as the most crucial factors for the provision of superior quality of services towards customers. According to the words of Philip Kotler, the level of satisfaction bears a direct relation between the perceived and expected performance of the product. If the performance of the product matches with the expectation of customers, customers are said to remain satisfied. When the products performance exceeds the expectation of customers, they remain highly delighted or satisfied while, on the other hand a products performance falling short of customers expectations creates a highly dissatisfied customer.

Critical Evaluation for the Presentation of Research Data in Essay

Critical Evaluation for the Presentation of seek Data in Architecture - look for ExampleQualitative Research Context There has been a substantial growth in qualitative inquiry within social sciences over the quondam(prenominal) two decades. Miles and Huberman (1994 1) suggest a tripling of papers and find evidence of significant growth in academic texts. The reasons for this may be clear, as Cassell and Symon (1995 2) dose out that research in social sciences is mostly concerned with people, organizations, and social interactions, and is non well disposed to positivist / scientific philosophy. There are just about risks and challenges facing the researcher adopting this methodology. Some academics are dismissive of the methodology, mostly on grounds of the validity of the approach and consequently the reliability of the findings whereas, there are arguments that the methods are non-scientific, open to personal opinions, biases, and subjective interpretations. Qualitative Resea rch Philosophy Research philosophy entails the examination of beliefs, both our own, as well as those of others, on how intimacy is developed. A discussion on research philosophy usually commences with a consideration of two opposite research perspectives, positivism and phenomenology as elaborated by Saunders (2008 120). There are clear rules and statistical procedures, which can be followed to produce objective and generalisable findings in quantitative techniques on the other hand, qualitative research has to encounter issues of subjectivity, and social construction, which are concepts far more difficult to pin down with basic rules and procedures, and where results may be more open to interpretation (Miles, 1994 591). These issues lead to the important areas that a qualitative research design must tackle, namely validity, reliability, and bias. According to Miles et al (1994) the task for the qualitative researcher is to build in robustness (will the design stand up in differe nt and difficult situations) and rigor (will the design demonstrate comprehensive attention to detail) into the research design. This will involve careful attention to planning, data collection, data synopsis and presentation. These issues will be considered within units 9 and 10 when we go on to look at the process and procedures involved in planning, data collection, analysis and presentation. In quantitative based studies, a key objective is often to design the study to precise statistical rules so that results from samples can be talk to a wider population. In qualitative research, this can not be claimed. Results are subject to interpretation. The real value of qualitative research according to Thomas (2004 131) lies not in generalisation but particularisation. In other words, the richness and knowledge derives from understanding a situation or case, in greater depth. Quantitative Research Approach The implications for the research process are now examined with a look at the processes for inductive and deductive approaches to research. Within the deductive approach, research flows from developing a single hypothesis or multiple hypotheses concerning the association or relationship in the midst of data. Often such studies seek to establish cause and affect relationships between

The constitutional jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice is a Essay

The constitutional jurisprudence of the European Court of Justice is a paradigm of legal Activism. Discuss in relation to Art. 234 EC - move Example, the judicial activism of the European Court of Justice has been one of the most intriguing aspects of the evolving legal and judicial framework in Europe, because it appoints the European Court as meeting place between the legal order of the Community and those of its member states.3 It has in fact, represented the driving force of European integration through the fashioning of a constitutional framework for a federal type of structure within the European northern.4The legislative process within the European Union has often been characterized by inertia, as a result of which the ECJ has had to exercise judicial creativity, to address the gap between voter wishes and political decisions which is not well define in the European Community as it is in a democracy.5 In the context of use of Article 234 of the EC Treaty that places the European Court of Justice in the role of interpreter of the aims and objectives of the Treaty, creative European jurisprudence has often required that the ECJ not send away an individual litigant or a field of study Judge without an answer, in order to avoid denial of justice. As a result, this has often required creative judicial interpretation that has caused it to be accused of judicial activism.6 The Court has adopted the teleological method in its approach to judicial interpretation, wherein a regulation is interpreted by taking into account the purpose of the rule and the aim and objective it seeks to accomplish, as stated in the case of CIFLIT,every provision of Community law must be placed in its context and interpreted in the light of the provisions of E.C. law as a whole, regard being had to the objectives thereof and to its state of evolution at the date on which the provision in question is to be applied.7The factor that will determine when judicial activity strays int o the field of judicial activism is determined by the effect to which the judicial function strays into the political realm. The European Court of Justice has

Business Ethics and Consequentialism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business Ethics and Consequentialism - Essay ExampleEthics compliance includes implementing acts that serve the common good for the greater consequence of recipients. 1.Utilitarian moral philosophy issues in this Case. There are utilitarian ethics issues in the case of the pacemaker case. The electronics company can generate the greater good to the sterling(prenominal) number of people. The principle of consequentialism or utilitiarian ethics states that the end justifies the means. The correct action is that action that brings out the greatest good to the entire community or cosmos (http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/JerBen). For example, it is a common good to kill a convicted felon to prevent individuals from committing the same illegal acts (Portmore, 2011). Jeremy Bentham insisted that correct actions are those that bring about or accession happiness, and reduce pain (http//plato.stanford.edu/entries/utilitarianism-history/JerBen). Applying the above co nsequentialism theory to the case, producing the electronic parts of the pacemaker produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people (http//www.scu.edu/ethics/dialogue/candc/cases/supplier.html). The heading of the pacemaker is to prolong the keep of the dying(p) person. Without a heart, the person will die. The pacemaker helps the heart beat. Without the pacemaker, the person would die a natural death. Consequently, the pacemaker prolongs the life of the pacemaker recipient for several years. By focusing on helping the pacemaker manufacturer ameliorate the functional quality of the pacemakers, the electronics company helps increase the success of the pacemakers. Consequently, there is an increase in the pacemakers capacity to keep the failing human heart from stopping its continuous beating motion (http//www.scu.edu/ethics/dialogue/candc/cases/supplier_comments.html). 2) Jeremy Bentham Concept on the Case. Jeremy Bentham, father of utilitarianism, will rightly appro ve the decision to continue producing the electronic parts of the pacemakers. By helping the pacemaker manufacturers make better the functional quality of the pacemakers, the electronics company increases the functional quality of the pacemakers. Consequently, the pacemaker adds more years to the dying patients lives. For the dying person, adding more years to ones terrene life is a greater good when compared to just letting the patient die a natural death (Bentham, 2009). The popularity of the pacemaker is its capacity to prolong the dying persons life by stimulating the non-beating heart to beat. Without the pacemakers stimulating motion, the patient would have died instantly. The improved pacemakers will increase the patients and their families pleasure of having their dying relative live additional years on earth and avoiding the pain of losing their dying relative at an earlier date. 3. Utility test. Step A. There are terzetto alternatives. The first alternative is to stop supplying the electronic parts of the pacemakers. Second, the electronics company will continue producing the electronic parts of the pacemakers and coordinate with the pacemaker company to improve the success rate of the pacemakers (Mandal, 2010). Step B. The are consequences and costs of each alternative. In terms of alternative 1, the short term and long term benefits (consequences) include removing the attainable of future medical suits from the pacemaker patients and being wrongly blamed for the pacemaker

Social Science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Social Science - Essay ExampleThe average pueriler of the 21st century has turned arouseually active more than earlier than his predecessors. Premarital switch on, it would seem, is increasingly a way of life for youth even if it comes with the risk of pregnancy, abortion, AIDS, sexual diseases and mental conflicts. How does it begin and how does it end?Pre-marital sex in the far distant past was defined as sex with one person, which ultimately resulted in marriage. In directlys context however, premarital sex leads to month long relationships. Sex with many men/women before finally finding someone to settle down with is the norm.Alcohol and drugs are some factors for sex that takes place on campus. There are other reasons too. The peer pressure to indulge in premarital sex is one. And thus there is the internet, supplying our teenage world with all the sexual material it needs. Pornography, chat rooms, and a zillion other sites are distributing sex freely. Porn is easily acces sible these days with the Internet, the Cyber cafes and the VCD parlors doing supple business with pirated CDs. A random survey of ten of these parlors revealed that most of the business in some of the shops comes from the porn CDs rather than the regular movie CDs. Judging then from the popular sentiments, todays youth believes that premarital sex is not a crime. Technology has brought in a sexual revolution. The Internet helps access so much of material on sex. All for free. This I think has contributed to the sexual awareness. There is also a lot of misinformation around.Sex is one of the most muscular forces in our lives and we repress it at our own cost. If you let people do what they want to do, they will have sex. Period. The only exception is if people have a biological problem or have been thoroughly brainwashed, to withhold sex until marriage.Premarital sex is a huge problem in society today the numbers are staggering.

PC Reflective Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PC Reflective - Assignment ExampleHe revealed that his family and close associates have been shocked initially but later they reconciled themselves with the situation.Laurie discover actually desires euthanasia which means the intentional killing by act or omission of a dependent human being being for his or her assert benefit There are many form of euthanasia likeThe American Medical Association opposes the imagination of euthanasia and held the view that a doc assisted death is harmful not only for the ethics of medical profession but for the patient overly. The association negates the idea of abandoning the incurable patients instead more(prenominal) love and affection should be shown to these patients to lessen their miseries.Like AMA, many medical practitioners in Australia have the view that medicines are meant to cure the diseases of patients and the concept of euthanasia is quite an opposite to it. In euthanasia, medicines are used to snatch the life of a living being. Pope Benedict XVI declares it a grave sin. Besides, he also declares abortion as a kind of euthanasia, when a mother chose abortion to avoid abdominal pains. He stated, The deliberate decision to deprive an innocent human being of his life is always morally evil and can never be licit. He asked the family members of patients who were suffering with the incurable diseases to come forward and service of process the patients with love and care in this way the family system would also be strengthened.The National Catholic Bioethics Center declares life as a beautiful commit of God and said, God did not make death, nor does He rejoice in the destruction of the living (Wisdom 113). They are saying that human life is precious and any effort to temper with it will be immoral and grave sin.Roman Church also has the same views on euthanasia and terms this concept as morally wrong. According to BBC, The Roman Church does not accept that human beings have the right to die. Human

Strategic Analysis - Motorola Share Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Analysis - Motorola Share - Case Study ExampleThe focus upon the client has enab lead the club to reinvent its organisational structure several times successfully over its history. From televisions and consumer electronics to microcomputers cellular phones and pagers, each time the fellowship has been altered fundamentally, enabling Motorola to fight in different industries. In this manner Motorolas competitive advantage has been sustainable. The company has created an organic organization design which enables the management to maintain the continuous wreak of innovation. By capitalizing upon this strength, Motorola has been able to develop a wide identify of products and services ranging from wireless handsets and smartphones to wireless and wireline broadband solutions to end-to-end enterprise mobility solutions. This diverse product range has enabled the company to build brand reputation and customer loyalty in a wide range of industries. The diverse product range h as also led to a sustainable competitive advantage since the company can maintain profitability by focusing upon other industries if the demand in one intentness is affected. Another strength of the company is its organizational culture. It provides a positive environment for the employees so that they are satisfied in working for the company. This motivates them to strive for continuous progression in productivity. As a result, Motorola has been able to achieve the highest standards of excellence in the industry. One of the weaknesses facing Motorola is that the management has not coped with complexity well as the organizational structure has evolved. This has had a negative impact upon decision making further affecting the management of its international network of subsidiaries, branches and companies. As a result the company has been facing declining sales. At a time when competition in the industry is high, Motorola needs to create an organizational structure that optimizes in ternational management. However the management has all the same to take any action in this regard. The result is an inefficient organizational structure. Word count 400. The current strategy of Motorola Given the high competition in the industry, Motorola has to create a sustainable competitive advantage. The current strategy of the company is to meet this long-term objective by capitalizing upon its core competencies. The important core competencies possess by the company are brand management, supply chain management, mass production system and product development technology (Case study strategical analysis). The company is trying to combine these core competencies in an organizational structure which makes the company an attractive prospect for the stakeholders. Brand management enables the company to develop a strategic focus that makes the company very market and design driven (Motorola, 2006). In supply chain management, the company is able to develop an efficient system for scroll management and production scheduling. The mass production system saves costs and time and the product development technology has been built upon a standardized information system. These activities hold in led to a current strategy that takes into account social and environmental costs. Different stakeholders such as consumers, investors, nongovernmental organizations are demanding sustainable performances from the companies that they are investing in. If the products argue poor environmental performance, then the company as a whole is not likely to have a

Math Tidal Flows project Statistics Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Math Tidal Flows - Statistics Project ExampleMember1 Day 4, Member2 Day 6, Member3 Day 8, Member4 Day 10The piss endure is increasing from Day 1 to Day 14. There is no day when the ladder is less than from the previous day. So we can say that either the time periods from day 1 to day 14 the rate at which the water is flowing is increasing.7. Your groups client is considering building a petite hydroelectric plant near the mouth of the river. For the project to be feasible, the plant needs to be able to operate at full capacity at least 70% of the time and at reduced capacity at least another 15% of the time. To operate at full capacity, a flow rate of at least 200 million gallons per day is required. However, if the flow rate rises above 400 million gallons per day, the equipment is stressed, and the plant must close down. If the flow rate is too small for full capacity operation, the plant can still operate at reduced capacity as long as the flow rate remains above 125 million g allons per day.We can see from the above results that water flow is increasing day by day. The tokenish flow can be achieved in 4 days to operate at full capacity. Since the flow has no tendency to decrease so it allow for reach at 400 million gallons in approximately 20 days and after than the plant has to be close down. So it is better to avoid the equipment so that the maximum capacity will be near to 400 million gallons in order to run this. It is not better to invest in this because we need more resources and equipment to set up this

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues Essay - 1

Public Health--Discuss the health problems and health service issues that ar associated with homelessness - try on ExampleThese differences make it difficult to harmonize the statistics (Engelkirk & Duben-Engelkirk, 2008). A common definition of the term homelessness is people who sleep rough (Glover-Thomas, 2002). This definition, however, has to meet certain criteria to qualify mavin as a rough sleeper. People who qualify for this classification have to be between the ages of 16-20 and above. Besides, they must have been previously under certain deal out or some custody, or were prior to being rendered a hard sleeper was a member of the HM forces, or was forced out of their creator abodes due to family feuds, violence, threats of violence, etc. (Henderson, 2014).This paper will rely on estimates made by the different states to illustrate the magnitude of the problems within. Some factors determine the health factors that are faced by rough sleepers in different nations. These factors as Oliver (2013) notes are different and severe in the developing worlds compared to the developed regions. Rough sleepers in the UK start a wide array of health problems owing to the increasing number of new entrants who stream into the streets and hostels every year due to homelessness and associated factors. This paper centers in focalisation on the health issues facing the homeless persons in the UK. The 21st century has seen the increasing demands for healthcare attention for the homeless persons in the UK. As Baggott (2011) denotes, disease reflexion and occurrence have increased in the wake of global environmental change and disease proliferation through time. The homeless people are more opened to various health dangers than the other populace. Besides, the increasing number of homeless persons in the UK, a lot of whom are victims of circumstances such as asylum seekers, unemployed immigrants, and other related persons makes policy formulations to curb homelessn ess in the region a terrible nightmare. The paper discusses some of these health related issues in relevance to everyday health

Public Administration Beckons Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public Administration Beckons - Essay ExampleThe desire to make a living while providing for the basic needs of as many people as possible was born out of idealism and was nurtured by experience. I have always been both awed and fascinated by the intricate workings of government, the noble and delicate task of balancing the often scarce human and material resources to administer the executive-branch functions of government - international relations, environmental sanitation and conservation, mail delivery and providing for the general health, education and welfare of the citizenry.Public administration calls for a deep sense of responsibility and organization, foresight, leadership and a way with people. It also requires a steep grounding in accounting and management. In municipal and state governments, public administration means running programs on a battalion of concerns such as health, highway, fire, police, water, transportation, electricity, gas, care of parks and recreation facilities, development of natural resources, public housing and urban renewal. A public administrator sees to the proper staffing conception for sanitation services, clerical and maintenance connected with the above functions.You will never find a more edifying set of challenges in other careers or professions where self-interest is the chief motivation for work.

Cultural Diversity in India Essay Example for Free

Cultural Diversity in India EssayCultural Diversity in India India has a history of thousands of years . People bear been living in India since the Stone Age. People from distinguishable regions of the world came to India. They became one with the Indian culture . From this has evolved the composite Indian Culture. All of us living in different p stratagems of the country are Indians. Though there is a variety in our languages, literature and art, as Indians, we all are one. It is this diversity which has created a sense of unity among the Indians. This diversity has enriched our social life. Indian Languages Many languages are spoken in India.Hindi English are the two languages used in our country. Marathi is the state language of Maharashtra. Festival Celebrations People such as Hindus, Muslims, Buddhists, Sikhs, Christians, Jains, and Parsis etc belonging to different live in India. diametrical festivals are celebrated in India with lots of joys happiness. Agriculture i s the main occupation in our country . Many of our festivals are related to agriculture and environment. In Maharashtra, Dassera, Diwalil, Holi in Punjab Baisakhi, in Andhra Pradesh Eruvak Punnam, in Tamil nadu Pongal in Kerala Onam are celebrated.Ramzaam Id, Christmas, Buddha Pornima, Samvatsari, and Pateti are also important festivals. What ever religious festival all Indians happily participate in it. They greet one another, It increase the imprint of unity among them. Costumes food We find diversity in the clothing and food habits of Indians. Clothing depends upon the climate, physical feature traditions of the respective regions. There is diversity in our foods habits too, payable to climatic conditions crops and other geographical factors. For e. g. he people of Punjab eat dal roti whereas people living in the coastal areas eat rice and fish. Shelter In respective of constructions of houses also there is diversity . In the rural areas, many houses stupefy wattle and d aub walls. Some houses flummox tiled roofs. In areas of threatening rainfall, the houses have slopping roofs . In the places with scanty rains have houses with terraced roofs . In big cities, multi storey buildings are seen. Sports games Many kinds of games are played in India since ancient times.We play different games such as tip cat, chess, wrestling, phugadi, malkhamb, lagori, kabadi kho-kho . Modern games are such as hockey and cricket are the two popular games played in India. Sports games have an important place in out life. They help values like co-operation solidarity Sport spirit it is more important than winning or losing. Art Different arts such as dance, handicrafts, painting and sculpture have flourished in India. Since days of old , India had different styles of music. There are two main styles of Indian classical music. They are Hindustani music Carnatic music.There are many folk music played in India . In India, the tradition of dances is very ancients. We have different variety of folk dances some ancient times various types of handicrafts have developed in India. Artistic vases baskets and other decorative articles are prepared. The art of painting sculpture has long tradition. It is originated from the Stone age period. For e. g. Ajanta Ellora caves Our country have rich historical heritage. Historical monuments are the wealth of our country. Very few countries in the world have such history and ancients culture.

Name of student Essay Example for Free

Name of student EssayThe siblings Rosa and Enrique cannot be strictly called emigrants or refugees because of the rather peculiar record of their emigration. They are emigrants because they wish to call for a better tone far away from their hamlet where they were peasant farmers. They possibly may be called refugees because they had to leave their village to spare their lives. For the sake of proper designation by the authorities, they could be called refugees as they are more that than just emigrants. .Their journey to the north was fraught with difficulties at either turn. At first they met with a coyote Jaime, who appeared to be kind to them and actually took them across the border only to try to rob them when he thought their refuge was down. They were apprehended by the border authorities and were sent back to Tijuana where they failed to convince authorities that they were Mexicans. On getting to Tijuana, they had no source of income and Rosa had to resort to thievery in order to feed herself.Eventually they met the coyote who was able to take them to the US, they had to sell their mothers chain which probably was the last thing they had to remind them of her and symbolically they separate with the last thing that linked them with their village. To get to the US, they had to go through a sewer pipe that was rat infested in almost total darkness for hours on end that was a horrible experience. It was not all bad anyway, not long after they left their village they tried to stow inside a truck, and the friendly driver asked them to join him in front on the drive to Oaxaca.Besides, he gave them a crash course for being Mexicans or at to the lowest degree coming of as ones. That proved to be a very valuable lesson later on. They met one somebody who helped them to rent out an apartment when they got to California, and the same person presented Enrique a job offer in Chicago. At the same time, Rosa met a nice lady Nacha who helped her by giving advic e and the basic notions about the life in the US as an undocumented immigrant. In order not to have great problems they began taking English classes and proved to be good students, they were delicate orking and did not expect that anything could happen to them. This movie evokes sympathetic feelings to undocumented emigrants, having been given a behind the scenes look into their stories. Granted that all of them might not have such dramatic stories in their lives, it is worth noting that in spite of the legality or otherwise of their status under it all, they are just regular wad with hopes dreams and aspirations who just pursue a better life or who are actually running away from a received imminent threat to their lives.And this blank space they find themselves in puts them in a very vulnerable state where they can be exploited and victimized by people who have real or imagined issues with their stay in the US. Watching this movie has softened my opinion of immigrants. They may not have the correct documentation, but they deserve a run into to improve their lives.

The Study On Nokia S Utilizing Of Communications Mix Marketing Essay

The Study On Nokia S Utilizing Of Communications Mix Marketing Essay1 IntroductionWhen it comes to advance(a) inter guinea pig merchandise, it is not just confined in start outing a good crop, pricing it attractively, and making it available to tar pull out customers. Firms need also make it with current and potential customers. For most companies, the question is not whether to communicate, but how much to spend and in what ways. This is what the communications mix is good at. Communications mix is comprised of gross r crimsonue promotion, personal selling, humankind relations, advertisement, and consider marketing tools which the firm uses to fulfill its marketing objectives and strategy. Here the theory of communications mix is primarily analyzed related with the circumstance of Nokias. The international keep comp any Nokia takes full advantage of the theory of communications mix to fulfill its strategic goal. under(a) the guidance of the theory of communications mix, the concrete marketing measures or activities taken by Nokia are analyzed. It mainly includes how Nokia makes full use of advertising, public relation, promotion and need marketing in its international marketing, cultural catchs on the communication, and the recommendations, etc.2 Communication MixMarketing, as a excogitation with specific meaning, has come into being for about one hundred years. Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and want through creating, pass, and exchanging products of value with early(a)s (Kotler, 1967). It is a definition grounded upon human needs and wants, which are at rest through products or services. When marketing crosses borders, it is called international marketing. thither are literally dozens of marketing methods, for instance, customer segmentation, product/service offering, market research activity or part of their communication mix. Communication mix is emphatically discussed hereinafter. The communication is comprised of direct marketing, advertising, personal selling, promotion and public relations. Communication mix is mainly utilize to promote the newly products. It is an effective method to attract consumers and increase the selling (Gatignon, 1993).3 The Background of NokiaIn 1865 when Nokia was established in southwestern Finland, it was a diminutive confederacy. At that time, Nokias business covered mainly following sectors, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as televisions, personal computers, shoes, electricity production, communications descents, capacitors, paper products, etc. In the 1960s, the electronics section of the cable division was founded and it witnessed a modern Nokia. In 1967, this section was divided from into its former division and became in low-levelly, and started to produce telecommunications equipments. In this period, Nokia got itself to a greater extent(prenominal) involved in the telecommunications industry and began t o develop its network equipment products. In 1992, Nokia changed its name and began to use the name of Nokia Telecommunications, which is todays name. Since 2000, Nokia has begun to expand its business and cooperation with other companies. In 2006, Nokia and Siemens made an unprecedented cooperation in the fixed stock certificate and mobile squall network equipment businesses and built one of the largest network companies all over the world. The two companies jointly held a fifty percent stake in this infrastructure firm and built Nokia Siemens Networks. About 20, 000 Nokia employees had been transferred to this new company.Nokia is the leading mobile phone manufacture around the world. Its logo Technology Connecting People has been deep rooted in customers mind. Nokia House was constructed between 1995 and 1997. Nowadays, at that place have been more than 1000 Nokia employees in its company. At the same time, Nokia is a customer oriented company. There has been a continuous an d progressive increase contact in technology and communications all over the world. Nokias strategy is to build trusted consumer relationships by offering compelling and valued consumer solutions that combine beautiful devices with context enriched services. And, Nokia promises to connect people in a better and new way.4 The Communication Mix of Nokia4.1 publicizingIt is any paid form of no personal presentation and promotion of ideas, goods or services by an identified sponsor. It is a widely-used means of publicity. The major media types for advertising are newspapers, television, magazines, radio, internet and so on (Rao, 1993). Advertisements help to draw the publics attention and make people aware of this product. As a result, it undoubtedly could promote a companys sales. However, it is also kind of double-edged sword as advertisements can be very(prenominal) money-consuming. What is more, advertisements may mislead consumers if they are not properly designed or contain any exaggerated information. Therefore, when a firm chooses advertisements as it means for promotion, it must be very careful to select a advertising company and be clear the messages and the watch that it wants to convey to it current and perspective customers.Technology Connecting People is Nokias distinguished dirt concept. Through TV advertisements, magazine advertisements and leaflets the concept has been deeply rooted in consumers mind. Except some traditional promotion ways, Nokia adopts some new ways to announce its new products.When selling classical mobile phone Nokia 8810, Nokia sold the products on Internet and became the first firm adopting interactive advertisement in Asia. Nokia held celebrity salon with the theme the upper life to push its new product Nokia 8800 in 2006. Its target consumer was the top end consumer who paid attention to life quality and adored elegant product design.4.2 exoteric RelationsPublic relations mean establishing good relations with the publ ics by earning a good reputation, shaping a favorable image and dealing with the companys rumors and events (Doyle, 1994). It mainly contains keeping good relations with the firms different social groups by getting favorable publicity and setting up a healthy and good corporate image in public and at the same time, tackling or heading off stories, rumors, and events which damage its reputation. As a result, consumers get a good impression with this kind of firms and, consequently trust and purchase products manufactured by them. From the perspective of enterprises social obligations, especially in modern times, companies can be condemned and eventually be abandoned by consumers if they fail to perform their social responsibilities. Therefore, today, it is not whether firms should build good relations with the public, but how to construct it in a better and more impressive way.In order to develop public relationship promotion, Nokia tries best to be all excellent enterprise citizen in China and makes its effort to sponsor the development of the society, sports and fostering through series of innovation activities.The first series of activities are donations. In 1998, it donated RMBl0 million to the districts suffered from flood in China. From 2000 to 2001, N0kia launched the planting trees activities in China with its cooperators. Up to now, Nokia settle down takes these activities as all important components of its marketing methods.The second series of public activities ale gym support activities. By gym support activities, Nokia builds a stylish, leading, and seminal fault among the young generation. In 1995, Nokia sponsored Beijing international tennis match. In 1997, Nokia sponsored the No8 national chess match. In 2000, it donated mobile phones to sports meeting for the disable. In 2001, Nokia sponsored No 21 national university match. In 2005, it supported China international diving match. In 2006, it supported NBA China Jam Van and Basketball witho ut Borders activities. The third series are commandment activities. From 1999 to 2000, Nokia held series of activities in theme of innovation is the source of wisdom to promote teenagers innovation abilities. In 2000, it organized Nokia 2000, flew ideas match with the theme of advancing to future in Beijing University. In recent years, Nokia paid more attention to develop the campus marketing. In order to ease the university enter exam pressure, Nokia held campus activities named communication crates happiness. By humors pictures and creative attempts, these activities added fun to campus life, also set up a good brand image among the campus.4.3 PromotionPromotion refers to activities or performances taken by companies in a short term to stimulate the purchase or sale of the product or service victimisation varieties of formats such as premiums, coupons, contests, etc (Brick, 1982). Through a consecutive of activities or performances, it can promote people to purchase more. And s ales promotion is targeted at final buyers, wholesalers and retailers, other business customers and members of the sales force (Schall, 1983). It can be effective especially for introducing new products or services.In order to announce its new product, Nokia cooperated with the famous star Wang Lihong and pushed its new product Nokia 3230 to the youth. Nokia 3230 was a music brightness phone, which embodies the demands of the youth at that time. In December 2006, Nokia cooperated with Hunan TV Station, and held a concert named Music let me feel happy to push its middle end products. In July 2007, Nokia held a concert named Nokias stylish trend night to announce its new product Nokia 7500 prism, which was the unique design for Chinese market that month.4.4 Direct MarketingIt refers to direct contacts with carefully targeted individual customers in order to acquire a reply in time as well as cultivate permanent consumer relationship, for example, using telephone, mail, fax, e-mail, t he Internet, and other tools to communicate directly with specific consumers. Direct marketing is very useful helps companies obtain the first hand information directly from consumers. And companies can take hold an immediate reply to their customers if there are any questions. Through this way, customers obtain a sense of being respected and cared by firms and, therefore, consumers can be devoted to this kind of companies. However, there are also electronegative effects brought by direct marketing. Firstly, it undoubtedly costs a lot of money, time and human resources. Secondly, companies may not draw any useful conclusions for decision-makers at all if information is processed in a scientific way. Therefore, to make full use of direct marketing, firms must make sufficient preparations. When it comes to the contour design, Nokia appears to be rather conservative and backward. Especially in China, consumers pay a lot of attention to it. Compared with its competition rivals such Mo torola and Samsung, Nokia seems stubborn in reaction to market. However, by directing contacts with its consumers and obtaining the relevant information from the Chinese market, Nokia finally produced its freshly designed foldaway mobile phone 7200.However, any one aspect of the communications mix is not enough to guarantee a good marketing. Instead, a successful promotional strategy should adopt the concept of integrated marketing communications widely by coordinating the promotion channels and tools. Through putting together and reinforcing all the images and messages, it constructs a famous brand in public. Integrated marketing communications requires that all the messages, positioning and images, and identity from the corporate are harmonized across all marketing communications venues. Under this concept, to deliver a clear, unchangeable, and convincing message about the organization and its products, the company should be careful to integrate and bring into line its many commun ications methods. In terms of this aspect, Nokia really excels in.5 How Culture Affects the Communications Mix of Nestle5.1 The Introduction of CultureSince 1871 when the founder of cultural anthropology E.B. Taylor put forward the definition of civilisation in his works Primitive Culture, scholars have raised hundreds of definitions about burnish from different perspectives. The definition of culture given by Taylor is that the so-called culture or civilization is an internal integration of knowledge, beliefs, art, morals, laws, customs and other capabilities and habits acquired by human beings as community members(Taylor, 1871 ). His view has a deep influence on the subsequently research and has been accepted by many scholars. In the West, the origin of the word culture is cultura in Latin. In English, the very beginning meaning of the word culture referred to agriculture and raising of plants. Since the 15th century, it has been extended to cultivate peoples morals and compete nces. And culture is also a basic definition in both sociology and anthropology. In considerable sense, culture is the sum of material wealth and spiritual wealth created by human beings in narrow sense, it refers specifically to spiritual wealth including language, literature, art and other ideologies. Based on the analysis above, the thesis adopts the definition of culture in large sense, that is, culture is composed of three aspects material culture, spiritual culture and behavioural culture.5.2 How It Affects the Communications Mix of NokiaAs an international company, Nokia needs to handle cross-cultural businesss and culture plays a significant role in Nokias application of communications mix. Undoubtedly, Nokia is a firm subtle to cultural differences and adapts varied cultural counter-measures in varied regions. publicize is the most commonly utilized promotional method. Companies must be very clear who their potential customers are probably to be, make effective contacts with those consumers, and be aware of the relationship between the culture and advertising, i.e. .cultural impacts. Various cultures reaction to communications and messages are quite different. Companies which realize these differences may succeed those that totally neglect them fail. In Korea, consumers often recommend the suitable and good products to their friends, relatives and workmates. Therefore, the word-of-mouth advertising is very everyday a consumers testimony works more effectively than advertisements on television or in newspaper. In the same way, Chinese are also dependent on this form of communications. The Chinese consumers value and trust their family and this is justified by their purchasing products through their families recommendations. Thus, Nokia have noticed that and put a great tension on this in East Asia. For example, Nokias advertising message is technology is people-oriented. As everyone knows, people-oriented thought is put forward by ancient Chinese two g-force years ago. Therefore, Nokias advertisement is rather successful. It is a typical example of Nokias combination of its own enterprises culture and local culture.Many companies today use marketing public relations to support their marketing departments in corporate/product promotion and image making. The Nipponese have little concept of public relations in the American sense. Since the Japanese are very modest and self-effacing, they cannot understand self-promotion. They have little need for corporate public relations. The tendency o f the Japanese conservative and low profile way of doing their business results from many economic and cultural factors. From the ancient times, Japanese society has been comprised of exclusive groups and even within groups there are smaller ones. Each one is cared about its living, obligations, and powers and is generally hostile to the other. Therefore, when Nokia operates its business in Japan, it also adapts the way Japanese companies take and keep a low profile in public relation. Although it still seems to make a better job than Japanese firms.Culture also has a deep influence on Nokias promotion. When Nokia notice that todays youth are passionate for fashion, music and sports, it adapts the concept of youth marketing and cooperates sports and music stars to promote its new product. For example, in China, as Nokia 3230 was a music smart phone, it cooperated with the famous star Wang Lihong and Wang especially wrote a song for publicizing the new phone.5.3 RecommendationsInternational companies must objectively know and learn the diversity of the culture, turn the cross-cultural awareness to the cross-cultural marketing skills and develop cultural sensitivity (Schwartz, 1981). Culturally sensitive companies understand that differences exist and make corresponding accommodations for them.Advertising is a key tool in international marketing, and it is required to accurately position the product as desired for mul tinational companies. For an international company bid Nokia, firstly, it needs to emphasize one characteristic that caters for local culture. Therefore, in the United States, Nokia should focus on durability and economy in France, it could be leisure and power in Germany, utilization in Mexico, price and in Venezuela, quality. Secondly, it must be aware of local taboos and idioms when selecting the advertising message. Otherwise, it could be at least embarrassing and even hurt local consumers trust and respect towards Nokia. For example, an advertising campaign used by Pepsi-Cola-Come Alive with Pepsi-translated too literally in some countries. The German comment of come alive became come out of the grave, while in Chinese it read Pepsi brings you ancestors back from the dead. In Spanish, the very word for advertising poses a problem since the corresponding Spanish word means propaganda, which has other connotations in English.Public relations are designed to promote and/or prote ct a companys image or its individual products. However, under different cultural background, there are different skills in carrying out it. For example, in China, Nokia needs to focus on such activities as lobbying and counseling-the former aims to improve the relationship with legislators and government officials, and the later, connected with public confidence and loyalty. In this respect, Amway set a good example-through out the seven years after its entry into Chinas market, it has always been concerned with the Chinas children, and it has sponsored nearly one hundred charity campaigns to help these children, such as Chinas Hope Project or climb up Bud Project, through which it obtain sanction from the government and popularity from the citizens.6 ConclusionsIt has been proved by many international companies that a good quality of products does not for sure guarantee companies successful sales, and that a proper and wise application of communications mix is indispensible in t his respect. Communications mix is essential to help a company maintain its market share and even obtain more, build its good image such as innovation, responsibility and so on, stimulate consumers to buy more products, and also get people to know its new products. However, a firm may be end with a loss if it fails to know positive and negative aspect of each method and choose the right one or ones in the right time and in the right place. Especially when the firm selects more than one method, it needs to make sure that all these methods are to convey a consistent, clear message about its image and products. If it fails to do so, consumers can get confused and therefore, there be will no loyalty customers. Besides, culture has a substantial influence on communications mix. For those companies which are not sensitive to cultural differences, they cannot obtain the result they have expected by using communications mix in better and even worsen their selling. The international company Nokias leading role in mobile phone market tells us that a successful is the result of the combination of a good quality of product and of proper using of marketing strategy.